Category: Cost & Production

Southwest Airlines – Winglets (a.k.a. Doohickeys)

In this 2014 commercial, Southwest Airlines highlights a new fuel-saving technology—winglets, affectionately dubbed “doohickeys.” The airline explains that these wingtip extensions improve fuel efficiency, helping them lower costs and, in turn, offer lower prices to customers.

This ad is a fun and accessible way to show how technological improvements can shift the supply curve. Teachers can use it to illustrate how increased productivity lowers production costs, which leads to lower prices and greater availability—in this case, more affordable flights for more people.

Thanks to Matthew Jordan from Lincoln-Way East High School for the clip submission and description suggestion!

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Gary Gulman – An Ode to Oreos

The Oreo cookie may be the best cookie of all time. Comedian Gary Gulman would agree. In this standup session, Gulman highlights the various ways that Oreos have innovated their product and even provided double the filling for no extra cost.

In the second part of the joke, Gulman highlights the ways that Oreos have differentiated their products in order to compete with other cookies. You never know what that little cookie is up to until you stop by on your way through the grocery store:

Thanks to Michael Lucas for the clip suggestion!

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WSJ: Drive-Thru AI Chatbot vs. Fast-Food Worker

In this video from The Wall Street Journal, senior personal tech columnist Joanna Stern examines the performance of an AI chatbot versus a fast-food worker. Are these two inputs clearly substitutes or are their complementarities that could be exploited by companies? If the goal were only to produce the same amount of food as before with lower costs, we might expect to see a reduction in fast-food workers. However, this technological improvement may end up increasing output and subsequently requiring more tech and more labor.

Thanks to John Raby of Thorton Academy for the clip suggestion!

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Air – The Deal

Air tells the story of Nike’s partnership with Michael Jordan and the creation of the Air Jordan brand. Nike beat their competitors in the race to sign Jordan to an endorsement deal by agreeing to a partnership rather than a standard endorsement deal.

In this clip, Matt Damon (Sonny Vaccaro) negotiates with Viola Davis (Deloris Jordan) over Michael Jordan’s contract. Vaccaro explains that players don’t get to keep a cut of the sales, but Jordan’s mother emphasizes that the Jordan brand will utilize her son’s name, image, and likeness and he deserves to profit from that use.

Thanks to John Kruggel for the clip and summary!

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The Santa Clause — Technological Improvement

Even Santa and his sleigh can use some upgrades once the new technology has been developed. Technological improvements allow companies to produce more products using the same resources or to continue providing the same level of output more efficiently. Charlie and the elves help Santa improve his gift-giving efficiency by upgrading his suit and improving the features of his sleigh.

Thanks to Mandy Mandzik for the clip recommendation. Check out her working paper, All I Want for Christmas is an A on My Econ Final: A Holiday-Themed Review Class, for more Christmas-themed economics examples.

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The Witcher — Diminishing Returns

Ciri is in the middle of training while Geralt repairs his armor. She struggles with her technique and becomes frustrated that she isn’t executing as she expects. Geralt calls it for the day and notes that any more training will just suffer from diminishing returns. The implication is that she can keep training, but that each additional amount of time allocated toward training would yield smaller gains to her ability. Ciri would be better off focusing on rest instead.

Thanks to @EconWoodrow for the find!

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Moana — How Far I’ll Go

Moana laments about how she wants to travel the sea, but her father wants her to stay behind and help her village. Moana wants to travel, but she can’t do it on her own. In order to travel the sea, she requires a variety of inputs like her boat and the wind in her sail. In order to build the boat, she needs wood from the trees on the island, but also some human capital associated with how to build a boat that won’t sink. All of our decisions, and any production that occurs on the island, requires resources. The main resource on this particular island is people’s labor, as they produce a variety of items to ensure society remains intact. As Moana says, “everyone knows their role on this island.”

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Kitchen Nightmares – Marginal Touches

Chef Ramsey stops at a Scottish restaurant to help a struggling chef. What he finds is a restaurant where each employee makes a marginal change to the dish before it is sent on its way. A single dish may be modified by 7 different people, but it isn’t clear exactly how much of a contribution each is making. While each may add some benefit with their labor, the additional cost of waiting to send the dish out (and the cost of such a large staff) is part of the reason Chef Ramsey is there to help. The labor costs of the restaurant are $4,500 each week, but they aren’t even breaking even.

Thanks to Alex Marsella for the clip suggestion!

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The Simpsons — Grease Business

When Homer finds out from Apu that there is a local business buying old grease, Homer sets out to be rich. He buys $30 worth of bacon, feeding it to the dog, in order to harvest the extra grease and sell it. He spends hours frying up bacon only to earn 68 cents. He doesn’t seem bothered by his losses since his wife (Marge) paid for it. There’s one problem Homer hasn’t realized yet; Marge gets her money from Homer.

Thanks to Alex Marsella for the clip suggestion and summary!

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Brooklyn 99 — Moneyball

Captain Holt and Lieutenant Jeffords want to streamline the department and improve efficiency across the precinct. Jeffords is concerned that Capt. Holt is getting to greedy and can’t make many more improvements, but Capt. Holt believes he’s taking a Moneyball approach to the department. The film is his favorite and he finds the statistical analysis beautiful.

While he may be improving efficiency through his new statistical approach, the two should be concerned about diminishing returns. Productivity can increase with revised strategies, but additional productivity may require a significant increase in cost. In order to determine the optimal outcome, the two should focus on marginal analysis.

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