Category: Foundations

Uber Eats – Who Has Time To Cook?

Celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay barges into home kitchens during major sporting events and scolds people for cooking instead of enjoying the game. Ramsay argues that preparing a meal is a poor use of time when professional chefs and delivery services can do the work for you. His solution is simple: order from Uber Eats and leave the cooking to someone else.

This advertisement provides a useful introduction to both opportunity cost and comparative advantage. Ramsay’s argument is that the home cook’s time is valuable and may be better spent watching the event, socializing, or doing other activities. Even if people are capable of cooking for themselves, they may still benefit from specializing in other tasks while restaurants specialize in meal preparation.

Thanks to Brian Lynch for the clip submission

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Saturday Night Live – Big Dumb Line

In this satirical music video from Saturday Night Live, a group of New Yorkers enthusiastically sing about their favorite weekend activity: waiting in long lines for trendy restaurants, pop-up events, and limited-time experiences. As the line grows longer, the participants treat the wait itself as a badge of honor, even though they spend hours standing around for products and experiences that could be obtained more quickly in other ways.

This sketch provides a great introduction to allocation mechanisms. While markets often allocate goods through prices, this clip highlights an alternative system: first-come, first-served. Long lines emerge when prices are kept artificially low or when businesses choose not to raise prices despite high demand. The result is that consumers pay with their time instead of their money, creating an opportunity to discuss efficiency, fairness, and the trade-offs between price rationing and queueing.

Thanks to Brian Lynch for the clip submission!

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The Today Show – What is the Internet?

In this clip from The Today Show in 1994, the hosts puzzle over a then-emerging concept: the internet. They debate the purpose of the “@” symbol, question how the internet works, and ask, “What is the internet, anyway?”—a moment that seems almost surreal today.

This is a powerful reminder of how quickly technology reshapes the economy. It can be used to introduce students to the idea of structural change in the labor market and how technological progress creates entirely new industries, jobs, and skills. Many of today’s careers didn’t exist just a few decades ago, and this moment in broadcast history captures how disorienting that change can be in real time.

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KAYAK: Don’t do it yourself (Vacuum)

This KAYAK advertisement showcases a person who insists on manually handling tasks, including booking travel, despite acknowledging it’s not the most efficient method. He thinks he can do everything the best (absolute advantage), but fails to recognize that people can be better off when they focus on their comparative advantage instead.

Thanks to John Kruggel for posting this clip on Twitter/X!

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Joseph: King of Dreams

Disney’s Joseph: King of Dreams is based on the Biblical story story of Jacob and his twelve sons, with a particular focus on Joseph, Jacob’s favorite son. Joseph’s privileged status, marked by a special coat given to him by Jacob, stirs deep jealousy among his brothers. This animosity intensifies after Joseph shares dreams that symbolize his future dominance over his family.

This scene highlights how Jacob’s brothers are motivated by envy and the desire for profit. They seize an opportunity to rid themselves of Joseph. In a calculated move, they decide to sell Joseph into slavery, a practice institutionalized in their society, gain profit. This decision reflects not only their personal resentment but also a profit motive, as they benefit materially from selling their brother. Their actions are facilitated by the existence of slavery as an institution within their society, which provides them with the means to translate their malicious intent into a profitable outcome.

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Evan Almighty — Sunk Cost Fallacy

In the Biblical story of Noah’s Ark, God decides to reset creation, sparing only Noah, his family, and pairs of animals in an ark. This decision to start anew instead of persisting in a flawed creation illustrates His ability to avoid the sunk cost fallacy, where one refrains from continuing a venture due to past investments.

‘Evan Almighty’ modernizes this theme. Evan Baxter (Steve Carell) is instructed by God (Morgan Freeman) to build an ark amid skepticism. Like God’s decision in Noah’s Ark, Evan’s choice to build the ark, disregarding past norms and expectations, mirrors the economic principle of evaluating future potential over past costs, exemplifying the avoidance of sunk costs.

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Can you negotiate at Target?

Price tags are an interesting phenomenon when you consider that it wasn’t all that long ago that negotiating in stores was a common practice. Price tags improve efficiency because they present full information for customers who don’t have to worry about negotiating, but it doesn’t mean that the price is the most efficient price. There are markets all around the world that display one price, but involve sellers willing to negotiate. Jia Jiang finds out that Target is not one of those markets.

Thanks to Bryan Sloss for sending in this clip!

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50 First Dates – Nothing Beats a First Kiss

In 50 First Dates, Henry sets his heart on romancing Lucy. The problem? She has short-term memory loss and can’t ever remember anything that happened the day before. Every morning, Henry has to woo her again.

As this pattern is established, this scene shows Henry and Lucy kissing at the end of many different days, only to be followed by Lucy saying (every time), “Nothing beats a first kiss.” Henry, of course, knows that this is not the first kiss anymore. In terms of diminishing marginal utility, the first kiss (at least to Lucy) provides the highest level of marginal utility. Each kiss after that may provide positive marginal utility, but it won’t be as high as the first one.

Sadly, Henry is aware that this is not his first kiss with Lucy, and so he will experience diminishing marginal returns for each additional kiss that he receives.

Thanks to Amanda Mandzik for the clip suggestion and summary!

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The Sandlot – Smalls First Catch

In The Sandlot, neighborhood kids play an “endless dream game” all summer long. There are two kids on opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to baseball talent and natural ability. Benny is the superstar on the local sandlot team. He has a clear absolute advantage over all the others in running, hitting, throwing, and catching. On the other hand, Scotty (nicknamed “Smalls”) possesses book smarts but is clueless about baseball. He can’t throw or catch and has little knowledge about baseball in general.

Benny uses his absolute advantage as an opportunity to train Smalls on how to catch and throw. Investing in training uses resources (like time and energy), but has the potential to payoff in the future. It takes Benny and the rest of the team a while, but Smalls eventually becomes a member of the term. Smalls may never have an absolute advantage in catching, but his comparative advantage in catching gets a little better with time.

Thanks to Amanda Mandzik for the clip submission and summary.

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The Sandlot – Can Smalls Catch? How About Throw?

In The Sandlot, neighborhood kids play an “endless dream game” all summer long. There are two kids on opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to baseball talent and natural ability. Benny is the superstar on the local sandlot team. He has a clear absolute advantage over all the others in running, hitting, throwing, and catching. On the other hand, this scene demonstrates the skills of Scotty (nicknamed “Smalls”), who is new in town, He possesses book smarts but is clueless about baseball. He can’t throw or catch and has little knowledge about baseball in general.

He’s still a valuable member of the team because Benny can only play one position at a time. While he may have an absolute advantage in all positions over Smalls, there needs to be a division of labor in order to field a team.

Thanks to Amanda Mandzik for the clip submission and summary.

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